The diagnosis of lameness requires a thorough understanding of equine anatomy and biomechanics, as well as a complete orthopaedic examination that encompasses all necessary investigative steps:

1. Complete Clinical History
Gathering essential information about the horse’s age, breed, nutrition, and more specific details such as training regimen, temperament, living environment, habits, and any previous injuries or treatments.

2. Visual Examination of the Horse at Rest
Observing the horse’s conformation and stance, looking for detectable abnormalities such as swellings or muscle atrophy.

3. Palpation of the Musculoskeletal System
Feeling all parts of the musculoskeletal system in search of heat, swelling, or pain, including a hoof tester examination of the feet.

4. Observation of the Horse in Motion
Evaluating the horse at different paces and on various ground surfaces, both straight and in circles, as well as under saddle. Movement analysis is performed subjectively through direct observation and objectively using technological tools that measure the vertical displacement of different body parts with applied sensors. This allows for quantitative evaluation and data recording for future comparative examinations and better assessment of treatment progress.

5. Manipulative Tests
Conducting tests such as flexion tests.

6. Diagnostic Anesthesia
Administering if necessary.

7. Diagnostic Imaging
Utilizing radiographs and ultrasound as needed.